Cylinder system for hydraulic presses.



A. A. LONGAKER. CYLINDER SYSTEM FOR HYDRAULIC PRESSES. APPLICATION FILED111111.18, 1911.

996,992, 1 Patented July 4, 1911.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

4 m, /Q a Ofzmm/mn COLUMIIA PMNOGRAPH CO.I WASHINGTON. D C.

A. A. LONGAKER. CYLINDER SYSTEM f'ORflYDRAULIG PRESSES. APPLIOATIONFILED MAR. 18, 1911.

996,992, Patented July 4, 1911.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

COLUMBIA PLANOGRAPH cm, WASHINGTON, n. c.

A. A. LONGAKER. CYLINDER SYSTEM FOR HYDRAULIC PRESSES.

APPLICATION 111.1111 MAR. 18, 1911.

996,992, Patented July 4, 1911.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

77711265565." [Man/{071p COLUMBIA PLANOORAPN c0., WASHINGTON, D. c.

A. A. LONGAKER.

CYLINDER SYSTEM FOR HYDRAULIC PRESSES.

APPLICATION I'ILED MAR.18, 1911.

996,992. Patented July 4, 1911.

COLUMBIA PLANOGRAP 1111 WASHINGTON, n. c.

llNlD STATS PATENT @FFICE.

ALBERT A. LONG-AKER, OE CHAMBEBSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO CHAM-BERSBURG ENGINEERING COMPANY, OF CHAMBERSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA, A COR-PORATION OF PENNSYLVANIA.

CYLINDER SYSTEM FOR HYDRAULIC PRESSES.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July 4, 1911.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ALBERT A. LONGAKER, a citizen of the United States,and a resident of Chambersburg, Franklin county, Pennsylvania, haveinvented certain Improvements in Cylinder Systems for Hydraulic Presses,of which the following is a specification.

One object of my invention is to provide a hydraulic press which whilebeing equipped with a number of operating cylinders and thereforecapable of being operative at any of a number of diiferent tonnages,shall possess great flexibility, both as to its shape and possible size,and in addition shall have its parts so arranged as to distribute theload between a relatively large number of columns, instead of but a few,as has heretofore been customary.

It is further desired that the arrangement of parts shall be such as todecrease the strain on the individual column and also to distribute thestress more uniformly throughout the base and table castings.

One serious objection to presses having a plurality of operatingcylinders arises from the fact that the large castings necessarilyemployed are difficult and costly to manufacture, since blow-holes,spongy, or otherwise defective portions in one cylinder frequently makeit necessary to discard the entire casting. Again, in case a casting iscracked or injured under operating conditions, it is necessary toprovide an entirely new casting.

My invention, therefore, is particularly designed to obviate theseobjections in providing a press in which a plurality of cylinders isemployed, each being formed as an independent unit or casting connectedor linked to other independent cylinder castings or units of the press.

It is further desired to provide a press consisting of a plurality ofindependent cylinder units of such construction that they may be easilyhandled, conveniently made and finished, and easily replacedindependently of the other units in the event of one of them becominginjured, or when this is desirable from any cause.

These objects and other advantageous ends I secure as hereinafter setforth, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which Figure1, is a front elevation partly in section, illustrating a hydraulicpress constructed according to my invention; Fig. 2, is a side elevationof the press shown in Fig. 1; Fig. 3, is a side elevation, partly insection, illustrating four cylinder units of a multiple cylinder pressremoved from their columns and developed; this particular con structionof cylinders being especially adapted for use in presses having an oddnumber of columns; Fig. 4, is a side elevation partly in section,illustrating the development of a number of cylinders particularlyadapted for use in a press having an even number of columns; Fig. 5, isa sectional plan of the cylinders of a three cylinder press showing themas mounted upon their columns; Fig. 6, is a side elevation of thecombination of cylinders shown in Fig. 5; Fig. 7 is a sectional plan ofa press employing five linked cylinders in combination with anadditional central cylinder; Fig. 8, is a side elevation of the cylinderstructure shown in Fig. 7; Figs. 9 and 10 are sectional plansillustrating two arrangements of the cylinders shown in Fig. 4:, showingthese as assembled on their columns and in each case provided with acentral cylinder, and Fig. 11, is a plan of a press having thirteenlinked cylinders particularly designed for use on long pieces of work.

Referring to Fig. 3, 1 represents the barrel of each of a number ofsimilar cylinder castings, each formed with a cylindrical cavity 2 inwhich a plunger or piston is designed to work in the well-known manner,and each having, in the present instance, two projecting lugs 3 and 4E.The first of these lugs projects from the upper portion of one side ofthe barrel, while the second projects from the lower portion of theopposite side thereof and each lug is accurately bored to fit one of thecolumns of the press.

If desired, the cylinder castings, instead of being constructed as inthe press shown in Fig. 3, of such form that either an odd or an evennumber of them may be used in the press, may be made as shown in Fig. l.This form of my invention is particularly designed for use in machinesemploying an even number of cylinders, since one-half of the cylindercastings used each having a barrel 1 and two similar lugs 4 projectingfrom opposite sides of its lower portion, while each of the cylinders ofthe other half has its two lugs 3 projecting from opposite sides of itsupper portion. Vith this arrangement the upper lugs of each cylinder aredesigned to be assembled upon two press columns, each in line with oneof the lower lugs of another cylinder.

In Figs. 5 and 6, for example, I have shown a number of cylinders of theconstruction shown in Fig. 3, and assembled to form a three cylinderpress, it being noted that with this arrangement the three columns ofthe press may be described as re spectively lying in the edges of atriangular prism, while the cylinder castings are arranged as shown inFig. 5, to define a triangle. Each of the columns 5 of the press isprovided with a shoulder or nut 6 against which rests the under edge ofone of the lugs 4 of a cylinder casting. The column passes through thebore of this lug and also receives the upper lug 3 of another cylindercasting, having on top a nut 7 whereby said two lu s are rigidly clampedin place.

In Figs. 3 and 8, I have illustrated this same type of cylinder asapplied to a press having five linked cylinder castings or units, thoughin this case I have provided an additional cylinder casting 8 in a formunlike the others, but so arranged as to have its cylindricalplunger-receiving cavity parallel with and equidistant from the cavities2 of the other cylinders. This second cylinder structure is providedwith two similar arms 9 having detachable caps 10 whereby they arerigidly clamped to two of the columns 5, and also has a third arm 11likewise held by a detachable cap to the body of one of the cylindercastings thus for'ming'a d1agonal tie between the columns.

In Fig. 9, I have illustrated an arrangement of cylinders constructed asshown in Fig. 4, and so mounted as to form a four cylinder press whosecolumns lie at the angles of a diamond shaped figure. In addition Iemploy a fifth cylinder casting practically similar to the others andextendlng between two diametrically opposite columns 5 so as to bringits cylinder in the center line of the press. In the form of machineshown in plan in Fig. 10, the cylinders are mounted on columns whosecenter lines lie at the corners of a square, and in this case a fifthcylinder casting 12 is provided between and connected to twodiametrically opposite co-lumns 5, thus forming a diagonal tie be tweenthe columns.

Such arrangements and numbers of cylinders as those shown in Figs. 5, 7,9 and 10 are ordinarily used for forging or forming round blanks intotires, wheels, etc., and

when it is desired to provide a press capable of operating on longpieces of work such. as car sills or the like, whose extreme length maybe fifty or seventy-five feet, I may increase the number of cylindercastings, as shown in Fig. 11, in which case I have employed elevencastings of the general form shown in Fig. 4, linked together upon thenecessary columns to form a linked press structure. In addition to theseeleven similar castings there may be two other castings 12 of lengthssufficient to extend between two diametrically opposite columns atopposite ends of the press.

As is obvious many other forms of press may be made to suit differentforms of work or material by combining similar or dissimilar castings,as desired, without departing from my invention. In Figs. 1 and 2, Ihave illustrated the invention as applied to a well known form ofhydraulic press, there being in this case four cylinder castingsemployed of the general type shown in Fig. 4. The plungers 13 of all ofthese cylinders are connected to and operative upon the head or table 14of the press, and any desired mechanism may be provided whereby motivefluid may be admitted to one or to any desired number of the cylinders,in order to cause the press to operate within any of a wide range ofpressures. Inasmuch however, as neither the detail construction of thepress, other than as described, nor that of the motive fluiddistributing apparatus in themselves constitute any part of myinvention, I have not described nor illustrated the same in detail.

As is obvious, if one of the cylinder eastings should be found defectiveor become injured it may be removed and replaced with great convenienceand at comparatively small expense, and it is obvious that theserelatively light cylinder castings may be inexpensively made, finishedand handled in a manner not possible with the large single castingshitherto employed in multiple cylinder presses.

It is to be noted that according to my invention the cylinder castingsare linked together to form an endless chain; the various columnsserving not only as the supporting means for the castings but also asthe elements for connecting the various cylinder units.

I have found that the failure of the large castings at present used inmultiple cylinder presses is largely due to the high internal pressuresnecessarily used as well as to the blow holes and small cracks which arealmost invariably present in such castings, owing to the difiiculty ofobtaining perfect and homogeneous bodies of metal of the size and shaperequired.

Under operating conditions the high pressure water 1s forced with awedgmg action into such holes or cracks which may exist in the body ofthe casting, gradually splitting it as the opening increases in size bycontinued use of the press, until the casting is cracked beyond repair.By my invention a press may be equipped with any desired number ofrelatively small castings depending on the number of cylinders desiredand these may be made of such size as to be practically homogeneous.Moreover, as above noted, a single broken casting may be replaced at aminimum of expense without requiring the replacing or seriousdisturbance of the remaining castings. As is obvious, such small andhomogeneous castings may be easily made to resist any desired in ternalstrains.

I claim 1. A hydraulic press having actuating means consisting of aplurality of independent cylinder castings linked together; and plungersfor the cylinders of said castings.

2. A hydraulic press having actuating means consisting of a plurality ofindependent cylinder castings; columns linking said castings together;and plungers for the cylinders of said castings.

3. A hydraulic press having a table; a series of independent linkedcylinder units; and plungers operating in the cylinders of said unitsfor actuating said table.

4. A hydraulic press having a frame including columns; a plurality ofcylinder castings mounted on said columns, each column engaging portionsof a plurality of said castings; and plungers operating in the cylindersof said castings.

5. A hydraulic press having a frame including columns; a plurality ofcylinder castings each formed for attachment to a plurality of columns;each column engaging a plurality of cylinder castings; and plungersoperative in the cylinders of said castings.

6. A hydraulic press having actuating means consisting of an endlesschain of cylinder castings; plungers for the cylinders thereof; and atable operatively connected to said plungers.

7. A hydraulic press including a frame having a plurality of columns; aplurality of cylinder castings each having two lugs formed torespectively fit a pair of adjacent columns, the lugs of each cylinderbeing complementary to those of the cylinders adjacent thereto; withplungers operative in the cylinders of said castings.

8. A hydraulic press consisting of a frame having a plurality ofcolumns; a series of cylinder castings mounted on and connecting thecolumns in the form of an endless chain; with plungers operative in thecylinders of said castings.

9. A hydraulic press consisting of a frame having a series ofindependent cylinder castings linked together to define a geometricalfigure; with plungers operative in the cylinders of said castings.

10. A hydraulic press having a series of cylinder castings linkedtogether to form a geometrical figure; a cylinder casting extendingbetween the sides of said figure; and plungers operative in thecylinders of said castings.

11. The combination in a hydraulic press of a frame having a series ofcolumns; a series of cylinder castings mounted on and linked together bysaid columns to form a geometrical figure; with another substantiallysimlar casting extending between the sides of the figure outlined bysaid other cylinder castings; and plungers operative in the cylinders ofthe castings.

12. The combination in a hydraulic press of a frame having a series ofcolumns; a series of cylinder castings each having projecting lugs boredto respectively receive a pair of adjacent columns; said cylinders beingmounted in a chain on the columns and the lugs of each cylinder beingcomplementary to those adjacent to it.

13. The combination in a hydraulic press of a frame having a series ofcolumns; and a series of cylinder castings linked together by andmounted upon the columns, each of the castings having projecting lugsbored to receive certain of the columns, and each column being engagedby a lug extending from the upper portion of one cylinder and by asecond lug extending from the lower portion of an adjacent cylinder.

In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification, inthe presence of two subscribing witnesses.

ALBERT A. LONGAKER.

Witnesses:

H. E. DERBYSHIRE, M. ALICE FROMMEYER.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressingthe Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, D. G.

Correction'in Letters Patent No. 996392.

It is hereby certified that in Letters Patent No. 996,992, granted Julyat, 1911, upon the application of Albert A. Longaker, of Uhanibersbnrg,Pennsylvania, for an improvement in Cylinder Systems for HydraulicPresses, an error appears in the drawing requiring correction asfollows: Sheet 2, Fig. 2, lower part of the figure, the showing shouldconform to the showing in the same portion of Fig. 1; and that the saidLetters Patent should he read With this correction therein that the samemay conform to the record of the case in the Patent Office.

Signed and sealed this 17th day of October, A. D., 1911.

[SEAL] o. o. ermines,

Acting Chmmz'ssz'oner of Patents.

